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The present study shows that PE has antioxidant and renoprotective effects against severe oxidative stress exerted by H2O2 or COM (CaOx monohydrate). Such oxidative stress would inhibit glycolysis, deplete cellular ATP, and also interfere with the cell cycle progression (a G1 cell cycle arrest). These adverse effects may account for the resulting cell viability reduction but could be effectively prevented by PE. Therefore, PE is a promising agent with antioxidant activity, capable of protecting renal cells from oxidative assault, and may also reduce the incidence...